Traumatic Brain Injury

Common Causes of TBI

TBI can result from various incidents, including:

• Falls – One of the leading causes, especially among children and the elderly.
• Road Accidents – Car, bike, or pedestrian accidents can cause severe head injuries.
• Sports Injuries – High-impact sports like football, boxing, and rugby increase the risk.
• Violence – Assaults, gunshot wounds, or domestic abuse can lead to head trauma.
• Workplace Accidents – Construction or industrial jobs pose risks of falling objects or head injuries.

Symptoms of Traumatic Brain Injury

TBI symptoms vary depending on severity but may include:

• Mild TBI (Concussion) - Headache, dizziness, confusion, nausea, blurred vision, memory issues.
• Moderate to Severe TBI - Loss of consciousness, seizures, difficulty speaking, weakness in limbs, personality changes, persistent headaches, and coma in extreme cases.

Treatment for TBI

The treatment approach depends on the severity of the injury:

• Mild TBI (Concussion): Rest, pain management, and monitoring for worsening symptoms.

Moderate to Severe TBI

• Emergency Care: Immediate medical stabilization, oxygen therapy, and monitoring vital signs.
• Medications: To reduce swelling, prevent seizures, and manage pain.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove blood clots, repair skull fractures, or relieve brain pressure.
• Rehabilitation: Physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy for recovery and regaining lost functions.

Prevention of TBI

• Wear Helmets – Always wear protective gear while riding bikes, playing contact sports, or engaging in risky activities.
• Use Seatbelts – Ensure you and passengers always wear seatbelts in vehicles.
• Fall Prevention – Install handrails, use non-slip mats, and ensure proper lighting at home, especially for older adults.
• Workplace Safety – Follow safety protocols in high-risk jobs, wear protective headgear, and be mindful of hazards.
• Avoid Risky Behavior – Avoid driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs and practice responsible behavior to prevent accidents.

Prevention of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Lesions

While brain tumors cannot always be prevented, certain lifestyle habits can help lower the risk:

• Control Blood Pressure: Maintain a healthy blood pressure through lifestyle changes and medication.
• Eat a Healthy Diet: Low in saturated fats, salt, and cholesterol, and rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Exercise Regularly: Engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise daily.
• Quit Smoking & Limit Alcohol: Reduces the risk of vascular damage.
• Manage Diabetes & Cholesterol Levels: Helps prevent arterial blockages.
• Regular Health Check-ups: Early detection of risk factors can prevent stroke.