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Epilepsy

Brain

Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It can affect people of all ages and may vary in severity, from mild episodes to life-threatening seizures.

Causes of Epilepsy

Epilepsy can develop due to various reasons, including:

  • Genetic Factors – Family history of epilepsy.
  • Brain Injuries – Trauma, stroke, or tumors.
  • Infections – Meningitis, encephalitis, or other brain infections.
  • Developmental Disorders – Autism or neurodevelopmental issues.
  • Metabolic Disorders – Chemical imbalances in the body.

Symptoms of Epilepsy

Epilepsy symptoms depend on the type of seizure but may include:

  • Sudden unconsciousness or blackouts
  • Uncontrollable jerking movements (convulsions)
  • Staring spells or temporary confusion
  • Unusual sensations (smells, sounds, or tastes)
  • Loss of awareness or responsiveness

Treatment Options for Epilepsy

  • Medications: Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) help control seizures.
  • Surgery: Removal of the seizure-causing brain area in severe cases.
  • Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS): A device implanted in the body to regulate brain signals.
  • Ketogenic Diet: A high-fat, low-carb diet proven to help some epilepsy patients.
  • Lifestyle Modifications: Managing triggers, stress, and sleep patterns.

Prevention & Management

While not all epilepsy cases can be prevented, the risk can be minimized by:

  • Avoiding head injuries – Wear helmets, drive safely.
  • Managing infections – Timely treatment of brain infections.
  • Regular medical check-ups – Monitoring brain health.
  • Healthy lifestyle – Proper sleep, stress management, and avoiding alcohol or drugs.
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